🐾 LandCare difficulty: AdvancedLegal complexity: High — restricted in many states
Javan rhinoceros
Rhinoceros sondaicus
The Javan rhinoceros is one of the rarest large mammals on Earth, with the entire species surviving in a single national park on the island of Java. Poaching and habitat loss reduced it to a tiny relict population now under intensive protection.
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Quick facts
| Size | Large single-horned rhino ~3 m long, 900-2300 kg. |
| Lifespan | 30–45 years |
| Native region | Ujung Kulon National Park, Java, Indonesia |
| Climate | 🌴 Tropical |
| Genus | Rhinoceros |
Habitat & enclosure
Confined to lowland tropical rainforest in Ujung Kulon National Park at Java's western tip, the last refuge of the species. With the whole population in one place, a single disease outbreak, tsunami, or volcanic event could be catastrophic. It is strictly protected; this profile is conservation/education only.
Diet
A browser feeding on shoots, twigs, leaves, and fallen fruit of the rainforest. Managing habitat and reducing competition from invasive plants are part of its conservation.
Behavior & temperament
Solitary and secretive, it is monitored almost entirely by camera traps. Conservationists hope to establish a second population elsewhere to reduce the risk of keeping every individual in a single park.
Reviewed and signed off by: KinStation Editorial — conservation profile (pending DVM/biologist review)