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Green star polyps

Pachyclavularia violacea · also called GSP, Star polyps, Daisy polyps, Briareum violaceum

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Green star polyps are a hardy, fast-growing encrusting soft coral prized for the neon-green polyps that emerge from a purple membrane mat. One of the easiest corals for beginners, GSP tolerates a wide range of conditions but spreads aggressively and is best treated as a weed that needs containment.

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Quick facts

SizeEncrusting mat that spreads indefinitely; individual polyps 3-10 mm across with eight feathery tentacles.
Lifespan5–50 years
Social needssolo
Native regionIndo-Pacific
OriginOld World
Climate🌴 Tropical
Water type🌊 Marine
FamilyClavulariidae
GenusPachyclavularia

Part of the Soft Corals

Soft corals such as leathers, colt, cloves, Anthelia, gorgonians and Sympodium. Non-skeletal octocorals with flexible, often swaying colonies and eight-tentacled polyps; mostly hardy, beginner-friendly reef corals driven by photosynthesis and tolerant of a wide range of light, flow and nutrients.

Anthelia (Waving Hand Polyps)Cabbage Leather CoralClove PolypsColt CoralDevil's Hand LeatherFinger leather coralGorgonian Sea FanKenya tree coralMushroom coralPulsing xeniaSympodium (Blue Clove Polyps)Toadstool leather coralZoanthids

Habitat & space requirements

From the minimum an animal needs to be kept humanely, up to the ideal setup. Bigger is almost always better — minimums are floors, not targets.

Photo coming soon
Minimum

Stable nano reef

10+ gal / SG 1.025 / Alk 8-9 dKH / NO3 5-15 ppm

Hardy soft coral — fine in a stable nano reef with low–medium light and gentle flow. Place low/mid; tolerates higher nutrients than SPS. Green Star Polyps (GSP, Pachyclavularia/Briareum) — encrusting purple mat with green polyps; INVASIVE — isolate on a rock.

Photo coming soon
Recommended

Established 30-gal reef

30+ gal / cycled 6+ mo / Alk 8-9 / Ca 420-440

Established 30+ gal reef with stable lighting + mid flow. Photosynthetic; no target feeding required. Frag-friendly — grows fast.

Photo coming soon
Ideal

Mature mixed reef

75+ gal / show-quality stability

Mature 75+ gal mixed reef. Tolerant species like this can compete chemically with neighbours (e.g. xenia, GSP spread fast) — give space or contain on isolated rock. Green Star Polyps (GSP, Pachyclavularia/Briareum) — encrusting purple mat with green polyps; INVASIVE — isolate on a rock.

Life & growth stages

How this animal changes through its life — each stage often has its own care, diet and space needs.

Photo coming soon
Planula larva

Corals begin as a free-swimming planula larva released into the water column after spawning or brooding. The tiny, ciliated larva drifts and swims until it finds suitable hard substrate to settle on.

Photo coming soon
Single polyp

Once settled, the larva metamorphoses into a single founding polyp that secretes a calcium-carbonate (or proteinaceous) base and extends a ring of tentacles to feed. Reef-building corals begin laying down skeleton at this stage.

Photo coming soon
Mature colony

The founding polyp buds asexually into a colony of many genetically identical polyps, building the species' characteristic growth form — branching, plating, encrusting, or massive. A mature colony can reproduce and contributes to reef structure.

Color & pattern variants

Natural variants occur in the wild; selectively bred (man-made) variants were developed in captivity.

Natural
Neon greenrepresentative

Neon green

The classic bright fluorescent-green polyp form that gives the coral its name, with a contrasting purple base mat.

Purple/metallicrepresentative

Purple/metallic

A form with darker, more metallic green-to-bronze polyps and a strongly purple membrane.

Standard Green Star Polypsrepresentative

Standard Green Star Polyps

CommonBeginner

The ubiquitous bright-green-polyped GSP on a purple encrusting mat. Bulletproof and fast-growing — often a beginner's first coral.

Tip: Isolate it on its own rock or an island frag plug — it spreads aggressively over rock, glass, and other corals like a weed.

Neon / Toxic Green GSPrepresentative

Neon / Toxic Green GSP

CommonBeginner

A higher-fluorescence line with electric neon-green polyps that pop hard under actinic light. Just a brighter pigment form of the standard.

Tip: Run blue-heavy/actinic lighting to maximize the neon glow; under warm white light it looks like ordinary green GSP.

Daisy / Pink-Center GSPrepresentative

Daisy / Pink-Center GSP

UncommonBeginner

Green polyps with a contrasting pink, white, or cream center mouth, resembling little daisies. A slightly more decorative form.

Tip: Moderate flow keeps the polyps fully open and showing the centers; in stagnant water the mat collects detritus and polyps stay retracted.

Purple/Lavender Polyp GSPrepresentative

Purple/Lavender Polyp GSP

UncommonIntermediate

A less common color form with purplish or lavender-tinged polyps instead of green. Color is light-dependent and can shift.

Tip: Keep light moderate and stable — too much PAR pushes these toward brown/green and you lose the purple tone.

Sympodium (Blue Star Polyp lookalike)representative

Sympodium (Blue Star Polyp lookalike)

UncommonIntermediate

Often sold beside GSP, a blue-green soft-coral mat with feathery polyps and no white center. A calmer-growing alternative to true GSP.

Tip: Slower and less invasive than GSP, but still mount on an isolated rock; give moderate flow to keep the delicate polyps extended.

Encrusting 'Eagle Eye' GSPrepresentative

Encrusting 'Eagle Eye' GSP

UncommonBeginner

Green polyps with a distinct yellow or orange ringed center eye on a fast purple mat. A more eye-catching pattern form.

Tip: If it ever creeps where you don't want it, peel the mat off the glass/rock by hand — it lifts easily and re-attaches elsewhere.

Green Star Polyps (Standard)representative

Green Star Polyps (Standard)

CommonBeginner

A mat-forming soft coral with a purple encrusting base and bright green, eight-tentacled polyps that sway in the flow like a grassy lawn. The classic 'GSP' that nearly every reefer encounters.

Tip: Place on its own isolated rock or island away from the main reef — it spreads aggressively over rock, sand, and even glass, so give it a barrier of bare sand. Tolerates low to high light and any flow.

Neon / Metallic Green Star Polypsrepresentative

Neon / Metallic Green Star Polyps

CommonBeginner

A brighter, more fluorescent strain of GSP whose polyps glow an intense lime-neon green under blue/actinic light. Visually punchier than the dull standard form.

Tip: Run heavier blue spectrum to pop the green fluorescence; still isolate on a frag-island because it encrusts and overruns neighbors just like the standard form.

Neon Green Star Polypsrepresentative

Neon Green Star Polyps

CommonBeginner

The classic GSP color form: a fast-spreading mat of fluorescent, almost lime-neon green eight-tentacled polyps over a reddish-purple stolon (the 'purple mat'). This is the standard against which other GSP color forms are compared.

Tip: Glue it to its own isolated rock or island away from the main rockwork, since it encrusts aggressively over neighboring corals. It shows the best neon color under moderate light (PAR ~100-150, and it pops further under blue/actinic) with moderate-to-strong flow to keep detritus off the mat.

White Center Green Star Polypsrepresentative

White Center Green Star Polyps

CommonBeginner

Green star polyps whose polyp centers carry a contrasting bright white 'flower' eye, giving each eight-tentacled polyp a little daisy-like look against the green tentacles. A widely-grown center-color variation of standard GSP.

Tip: Place it low-to-mid on its own rock under moderate light and moderate-to-high flow; the white center holds best when the mat is kept clean of detritus and water parameters are stable. Like all GSP it will encrust over neighbors, so give it an island.

Blue Eye Green Star Polypsrepresentative

Blue Eye Green Star Polyps

UncommonBeginner

A GSP color form where the polyp centers glow blue rather than the usual white or green, giving a 'blue eye' against bright green tentacles. The blue center is the prized trait and is essentially the blue version of a white-center GSP.

Tip: Run heavier blue/actinic light (vendors recommend PAR ~80-150 with a strong 420-470 nm spectrum) to keep the blue center vivid instead of washing out to green or brown. Keep nutrients moderate and isolate it on a dedicated rock so it doesn't overgrow tankmates.

Metallic Center Green Star Polypsrepresentative

Metallic Center Green Star Polyps

UncommonBeginner

A GSP with an intensely metallic, iridescent green center that fluoresces brighter than standard neon GSP, fading to a duller green or brown if conditions slip.

Tip: Keep blue/UV-heavy lighting and lower nutrients with strong randomized flow to hold the metallic fluorescence; too much harsh white light and high phosphate will brown it out. Still spreads readily, so keep it on its own rock.

Long Polyp Neon GSPrepresentative

Long Polyp Neon GSP

UncommonBeginner

A neon green GSP sold under a 'long polyp' label for its flowing eight-tentacled polyps that wave in the current, giving a shaggier, more animated look than tight standard GSP.

Tip: Give it moderate light (the vendor cites ~150-250 PAR) and moderate flow so the polyps sway and fully extend; keep it on its own island rock as it still spreads readily.

Toxic Green Star Polypsrepresentative

Toxic Green Star Polyps

UncommonBeginner

A super-saturated, almost glowing 'toxic' green GSP marketed for its extra-bright, eye-searing green polyps over the typical reddish-purple mat.

Tip: Standard GSP care: own rock, moderate light and moderate-to-high flow; the toxic green saturates best under blue-heavy lighting. Some keepers benefit from light iodide/amino-acid dosing, though it is not required.

WWC Sizzling Star Polypsrepresentative

WWC Sizzling Star Polyps

UncommonBeginner

A vendor-branded star polyp with toxic yellow, fuzzy polyps rather than the usual green, used to add a contrasting color to a star-polyp garden. Part of the same star-polyp complex as GSP.

Tip: Treat it like GSP: place it on its own rock under moderate-to-high light and flow; the yellow holds best with clean flow keeping detritus off the mat. It is described as one of the hardiest soft corals.

Purple (Branching) Star Polypsrepresentative

Purple (Branching) Star Polyps

UncommonBeginner

A close GSP relative with a vivid purple encrusting base and green, often white-centered polyps; some forms grow as upright branching 'fingers' or knobby spires rather than a flat mat.

Tip: Same easy care as GSP - its own rock, moderate light, moderate-to-high flow; the branching forms appreciate a bit more flow to develop their upright structure.

Habitat & enclosure

Place GSP in low to high flow and low to high light — it is extremely adaptable and will color up under moderate PAR (50-150). It readily encrusts rock, glass, and equipment, so an isolated rock or island surrounded by sand bed is the best way to keep it from overrunning neighbours. Standard reef parameters suit it: SG ~1.025, 76-80°F, pH 8.1-8.4. It is forgiving of nutrient swings that would stress more demanding corals.

Substrate

Mount on live rock rubble or a frag plug using cyanoacrylate gel or reef putty. Because it encrusts aggressively, glue it to an island rock separated from the main aquascape so the mat cannot bridge onto other corals.

Equipment & setup

Undemanding: any reef-capable LED or T5 with modest PAR (50-150) grows it well. A standard powerhead for gentle-to-moderate flow and a protein skimmer round out the system. No calcium/alkalinity dosing is required beyond what routine water changes provide.

Diet

Primarily photosynthetic via symbiotic zooxanthellae, which supply the bulk of its energy. The tiny polyps capture some particulate food, so occasional broadcast feeding of phytoplankton or fine reef foods can boost growth, though it is not required.

Behavior & temperament

A single colony is one organism but the purple basal mat creeps relentlessly across any adjacent surface, overgrowing slower corals and even sessile snails. It is not chemically aggressive (no sweeper tentacles or strong allelopathy), but it wins by sheer speed, so isolate it on a dedicated rock or frag island. If polyps stay retracted for days, check for irritation, low alkalinity, or being newly disturbed.

Health

Very disease-resistant. The main complaints are prolonged polyp closure (often a sign of new placement, harassment by fish, or water-chemistry swings) and unwanted spreading. It is rarely bothered by pests, though flatworms and Aiptasia can hitchhike on the mat. To remove it from a surface, peel the mat off mechanically — it does not respond to most coral dips.

Tips, DIY & hacks

Dip new colonies (e.g. a coral-safe iodine dip) and inspect the mat for pests before adding. Frag by cutting the encrusting mat with a razor and gluing sections to new plugs. Give freshly placed GSP a few days to settle before judging it — polyps often stay closed at first.

Sources

  1. Aquarium Corals: Selection, Husbandry, and Natural History (Eric Borneman) (reference)
  2. WWM Soft Coral (Alcyonacea) FAQs (website)